IBM's stock suffered its worst single-day collapse in close to 40 years Wednesday after the company released a surprise preliminary earnings report showing profit and revenue well below what Wall Street had forecast.

The disclosure — issued ahead of IBM's scheduled results — caught markets off guard, triggering a sharp and sustained sell-off across the session.

Both the top and bottom lines missed analyst estimates by margins significant enough to send the stock to losses not seen since the mid-1980s, according to market data reviewed by the Wail.

IBM has been positioning itself as a leader in enterprise artificial intelligence and hybrid cloud services, making the shortfall particularly jarring for investors who had priced in continued momentum in those segments.

The company did not immediately provide a full breakdown of which business lines drove the miss. Analysts told the Wail they expect management to address cost pressures and deal timing on the formal earnings call.

IBM's full earnings release and investor call are scheduled to follow the preliminary disclosure, where executives are expected to field questions on the revenue shortfall and the company's updated outlook.